In some ways it has changed things and other ways the world hasn't changed materially enough make much of an impact.
It's obviously allowed more women to leave relationships abusive or otherwise due to some having the financial independence to not be trapped to their partner resulting in single mother households.
https://www.sprc.unsw.edu.au/media/SPRCFile/DP133.pdfSole mothers are faced, even more acutely than are mothers in couple headed families, with the competing demands of market and home production. The difficulty of meeting both these important aspects of parental responsibility is reflected in the Australian policy approach to sole mothers, which shows some ambivalence as to whether to prioritise maternal care or financial independence (Gray et al. 2002; McHugh and Millar 1997).
This comparison of time spent by lone mothers and the combined time spent by parents in couple families does not bear out concerns that children of Australian sole mothers are receiving much less time in each of the activities that comprise childcare, or fewer total hours of parental care, than are children in two parent families. Whether it arises from the positive (a desire to parent), or from the negative (that they are excluded from paid work by virtue of their commitments to care), sole mothers in Australia provide their children with very similar amounts and types of care to that available to children in couple families. The paper also shows that being without a partner has some time-related benefits. Sole mothers donít do as much housework as women in couples, and they enjoy more leisure without their children present than do couple mothers. These slight time gains must be placed in context. Australian lone parent households have a poverty rate of 56.2 per cent compared with 7.7 per cent for couple families (LIS 1997), but the exposure of the children of sole mothers to higher rates of poverty is not matched by a parental care deficit. This implies that even in the face of considerable economic deprivation sole parents prioritise their caring function over their earning function.
Here is a
global report on the state of fathers.
This
page, for a quick summary of the report.
Taken from my textbook "
The Journey of Adulthood" Barbra R Bjorklund 8th edition.
Chapter 7 Employment and Retirement
Page 240
The increase of mothers in the workforce has been one of the biggest social changes in the United States over the last three generations. Early concerns about neglected children haven't materialized; the fact that a mother has a job outside the home, in and of itself, has no effect on the children's well-being. Instead, factors such as home environment, quality of day care, parents' marital status, and the stability of mother's employment determine the outcome for her children (Gottfried, 2005). To the contrary, a mother in the workforce can be a benefit to her children if she has good support at home and at work; when mothers are willingly in the workforce, their children have increased academic achievement and fewer behavior problems than children whose mothers are not in the workforce - or are there unwillingly (Belsky, 2001).
When children of working mothers grow up, they have more egalitarian attitudes (Riggio & Desrochers, 2005). The daughters of working mothers consider more options when choosing careers, and the sons are more apt to share in the household work when they marry (Gupta, 2006).
Page 242
Household labor takes place in the privacy of the home, so it is difficult to know who does what. The best we can do is look at survey data, in which working couples are asked how they spend their time. Figure 7.3 shows the results of a survey done by the Pew Research Center (2013b). Parents who are either married or living together and who have at least one child under the age of 18 report that mothers spend an average of 16 hours a week on household labor while the fathers spend 9. Mothers also report more time on the child care than fathers. However, fathers spend more on paid work, and when housework, child care, and paid work are combined, the total is very close (59 hours for mothers, 58 hours for fathers).
Can't find the paper now but will be intuitive enough i think, people are more satisfied in relationships that have congruence in beliefs about gender. So gender egalitarians with their like minded bedfellows and gender traditionalists with other traditionalists leads to greater satisfaction.
There's mixed results about satisfaction of either relationship and the nature of sexual satisfaction.
Like gender egalitarians having less sex but more emotionally satisfying sex.
Also, men seem not so significantly effected by the gendered nature of the relationship in satisfaction levels as do women, a woman who is gender egalitarian and has a man who contributes around the house I believe has been shown to be more satisfied, but without that she is thoroughly more dissatisfied. So more extremes for them where the other perhaps greater stability.
There's also speculation that there is greater stress on gender egalitarian relationships in that it requires greater communication and psychological effort on negotiating expectations and boundaries where gender traditionalists have internalized norms and witness roles culturally and often in their upbringing, social learning obviously important. There also is a discrepancy in how men and women conceive of house work and child rearing, women see it as their duty where many men see them as doing a bonus rather than acting out of duty in many cases.
So the wife could in fact work just as many hours as the husband, finish work and now she's onto her "2nd shift" of work for the day as she has to then come home and attend to such tasks. This presumably reflects internalized identities and expectations of them as men and women.
[url]=http://www.kidspot.com.au/i-was-up-with-the-baby-last-night-wheres-my-medal/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=post&utm_campaign=editorialHere is an anecdotal example[/url] of the sort of praise a man expected for not being as parentally absent relative to other men.
https://www.ethicalpolitics.org/ablunden/pdfs/For%20Ethical%20Politics.pdf#page90
-For Ethical Politics